playing with blogger template (muhahaa)

such as -- adding some transparency, new background & some free fall zone to the end

((looks i didn't crash my blog yet - iik))

Custom Simple Linear Regulator

... built and tested but not fully

here's the stuff ::

~._~ i'm not going for a contest - so itsabit trashy look

developed from ::

[EOP]

about AA or LR6

i used to believe that the battery capacity is not been near entirely used (by random application) so i  a bit "wasted my time" on studding 'em // -- as in fact it turns out the battery keeps it's output "Up" for up to 90% of it's capacity

the processes present at exploitation (not discussed further in this article - just listed)::

0) internal electro mechanics and electrical field set up by load current and env. temperature
1) reduction of the chemistry induced charge
2) chemistry change by discharge
3) re-inducing the charge by present chemistry

i made the series of simple discharge v. time tests
the values for internal resistance and electro-motoric force are derived theoretically⁽¹⁾

notice! that the experiment recorded just terminal voltage and current levels -- everything else is derived

the legend explained::

C836mAh(%) -- the percentage of "full capacity" -- 836mAh in this case
iC -- 1 (100%) minus C836mAh(%)
E -- electro-motoric force in volts
r20Ω(%) -- internal resistance / 20Ω
Iest(A) -- estimated terminal current in amperes
P(W) --U x I -- external- / diffusing power
Csimple(%) -- R.const C battery alternate (as using capacitor + delimiting resistor inplace of an alkaline)

about the error of the used theoretical model⁽¹⁾

i speculate that the master fluctuations are due error in device redings -- whatever the case it's not so significant

the E(r) or r(E) dependency⁽¹⁾ is defined from measuring multiple AA cells at their various discharge levels

notice! that there's no time dependency defined

[EOF]

Non real world Constant current sources Comparison

NB! :: the brought circuits are not tested in reality -- they only represent a technical hint to a "What such grids may behave like" -- they are modifications from std. current source cirquits

the long story short -- THE TEST ::

here's no intentional temperature compensation = in real there is likely a significant difference to these plots

note:: the last shown (the lowermost fig. , right) is actually been built but tested near-around-below of it's 5V range (not entirely) -- however it worked better after replacing the HiFq-LoPwr transistors of the shown "zener" with MedLoFq-LoPwr 1-s (that is lowering the "starting point" of a zener - with expense of it's precision x (overall) range loss) -- which however improved the current source in low voltage range

by that i reworked my "zener" concept - finding the following being (/!\) most likely the best (/!\) to use
however this one has a "startup ramp" ...

... i won't show here the "zeners" without "startup ramp" -- coz the're not tested in real
NB! this "zener" HAS a "startup ramp" (remove the capacitors -- and it nastily shows out)

How to parametrisize the existing transformer for LTSpice (Simple approach)

What we can simply measure::

1. R₁ -- the resistance of the primary winding L₁
2. R₂ -- the resistance of the 2-ndary winding L₂
3. U₁ -- the voltage on input terminals (of the winding L₁ the same as R₁)
4. U₂ -- the voltage on output terminals (of the winding L₂(R₂))
5. I₁ -- the current through L₁

What we can compute is::

6. I₂ -- the current through L₂ the I₂ = I_RTEST = U₂ / R_TEST

7. the inductance of the winding L₁ is derived from::
Z₁ = U₁ / I₁ = ²√(X₁² + R₁²) , where Z₁ is impedance of L₁ , X₁ is X_L1
thus X₁ = ²√(Z₁² - R₁²)
and L₁ = X₁ / (2·Pi·f) , where Pi = Arg(-1) , f = grid's frequency (50Hz/60Hz)

8. the inductance of the winding L₂ is derived from::
η · P₁ = P₂ or η · U₁² / Z₁ = U₂² / Z₂ , where η is transformer's efficiency
so Z₂ = 1 / η · Z₁ · (U₂ / U₁)² we don't know the η so we assume η = 1
when we measured U₂ we can compute the L₂ 's value as we did for the L₁

What we can't estimate is::

9. η = ?::
by running the simulation in 'Spice that reproduces the experiment shown on the
above figure (assuming a set of R_TEST -s was used) we can statistically find the
best (statistically least erroneous) R_TEST instances and (by these) re-tune the
L₂ value for simulation

so the actual η = P₂ / P₁ or η = (U₂ / U₁)² · (Z₁ / Z₂) but we don'no' it unless we
measure the L₂ value in real

NB! as the title suggest we get the L₂'s value fo 'Spice simulation.
The value for real-life η (for that transformer) is not found nor used --- why?
B-coz  simulating with η = 1 ** is tremendously faster and less prone to
"Timestep too small" errors.

(((( i hope the 'bove article is readable ))))

note !
there are four x2 conceptually different L₂ values
L₂ -- generic (not strictly specified)
L₂ -- computable by measured U₂ value
L₂ -- the real life value (it's difficult to measure it with decent precision)
L₂ -- the value derived from re-produced 'Spice experiment

x2 -- the L is the name of the winding(coil) also the name of the variable
for it's inductance -- so in 1-st case the L.index points to L.L.index and R.L.index
in 2-nd case the L.index is L.L.index while R.index is assumed to be R.L.index
(clear as soapy water)

[End of the TEST post]

here's how to apply:: ((((~)%/~=)(&%="~)(&%"~=)?&%" V^^^V chchchch  - ok it works now))))

update 16 jan MMXIV 7:13