i still poorly understand how to frequency tune this thing . . . but the main concept has been achieved -- a pure undistorted sine wave form for crystal . . .
. . . i find it curious that the appropriate web search can't find any analog circuits for such . . . . . . . . . even more curious is the fact that most micro controllers use digital/discreet stages based quartz drivers that for lower frequency X-tal-s as far as i get attempt to over stress the device and eventually ruin or kill it ???
(8 billion people with no brain on this planet ... statistically impossible but is what the prolonged web search stat.-s retrieves - i roger it but i can't get it - it's insane)
update 2017.04.10 21:41 UTC+3h : revised an old design -- not as good as previous but seemingly near the sine -- also uses a lot of less power -- it likely would work and with even less power but assumingly with longer startup time
[Eop]
Showing posts with label sine wave. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sine wave. Show all posts
Saturday, April 1, 2017
Saturday, March 4, 2017
50Hz VFD filament drive test
applies to the 16ohm cold filament cathode (i don't have the warm data yet) just the beginnings
an attempt to decide whether to use sine or square-wave drive
- though the overall efficiency for this circuit is below 10% - then right now i keep preferring it
- simply coz setting up a consistent pulse drive is a way more complex (unless you have a separate supply to drive the pulse TF from)
- still the peculiarity of the desired output (center tapped winding) sets extra requirements to this drive (you actually can't drive it from the single switch reliably for balanced output or then making it reliable seems at this point more complex ((error prone in practice)) than using a sine-wave drive)
anyway what we got
PS! reproducing the TF in practice is not so straight forward coz of speculative winding resistances
(winding resistances usually are orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding impedances - so we likely shouldn't care) but here the R.primary much affects a lot of "operationals" that have to fit !optimally&practically for 6LR61 - this in turn requires to redesign the secondary winding -- is quite lengthy error trial chain + in addition to confirm/re adjust in practice (possibly start the design over and over again . . . !!!)
+ did some quick static measurements on . . .
if you increase the AN GT voltages the filament feed may be lesser but there seems to be a threshold A-G voltage and filament power starting from where the fade left/-right is reduced and the seeming symbol brightness does not much increase
also - when i experimentally found the FUTABA's operating parameters i didn't expected so high filament current so i had to reduce a lot the gate/-anode voltages to get their apx. min./-normal values -- what was studied is that while the anodes did glow most bright at AN set to 27÷36 V (gate same or 9V less) then going up from there they seemed to start dimming again ?? !!!
[Eop]
an attempt to decide whether to use sine or square-wave drive
- though the overall efficiency for this circuit is below 10% - then right now i keep preferring it
- simply coz setting up a consistent pulse drive is a way more complex (unless you have a separate supply to drive the pulse TF from)
- still the peculiarity of the desired output (center tapped winding) sets extra requirements to this drive (you actually can't drive it from the single switch reliably for balanced output or then making it reliable seems at this point more complex ((error prone in practice)) than using a sine-wave drive)
anyway what we got
PS! reproducing the TF in practice is not so straight forward coz of speculative winding resistances
(winding resistances usually are orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding impedances - so we likely shouldn't care) but here the R.primary much affects a lot of "operationals" that have to fit !optimally&practically for 6LR61 - this in turn requires to redesign the secondary winding -- is quite lengthy error trial chain + in addition to confirm/re adjust in practice (possibly start the design over and over again . . . !!!)
+ did some quick static measurements on . . .
| Name | ИВ-28А | 7-BT-295GNK |
| image | ||
| Gate voltage | +9V | +9V & *more |
| Anode voltage | +18V | 2× +9V & *more |
| Filament current DC-driven to neg. from GND | 25÷28mA | 52÷62mA |
| Anode brightness adjustment ► increase voltage for edge segments ◄ | not required for parameter values shown above | required by unknown factor ► required less for gate , anode voltages *exceeding the ones shown above |
if you increase the AN GT voltages the filament feed may be lesser but there seems to be a threshold A-G voltage and filament power starting from where the fade left/-right is reduced and the seeming symbol brightness does not much increase
also - when i experimentally found the FUTABA's operating parameters i didn't expected so high filament current so i had to reduce a lot the gate/-anode voltages to get their apx. min./-normal values -- what was studied is that while the anodes did glow most bright at AN set to 27÷36 V (gate same or 9V less) then going up from there they seemed to start dimming again ?? !!!
[Eop]
Friday, November 6, 2015
Couple of OpAmp experiments
FF(fixed frequency design) apx.~50Hz 3-ph ((another) alternate (for a)) Sine generator
V2F experiment (poor -- attempting to grasp some principles)
[EoP]
V2F experiment (poor -- attempting to grasp some principles)
[EoP]
Monday, September 15, 2014
Dummy 14dB Pulse Amplifier
much of a theoretical concept ...
fast schmitt trigger how to :: (uses v12.c from the SN7404's 'Spice alternate)
Dummy 14dB Pulse Amplifier in action
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this is amazing the i-net search can't allocate nor sine nor trapezoidal wave energy formulas ???
as much as i comprehend it'd go like ::
A(work J) = E(nrg J) = P(power W)dt = 1/R∫U²(t)dt
so for sine ::
E = U² / R ∫ Sin²( ωt ) dt = [ 1 - Cos α = 2 Sin ² ( α / 2 ) → { 1 - Cos ( 2 α ) } / 2 = Sin ² α ] =
= U² / ( 2R ) ∫ { 1 - Cos( 2ωt ) } dt = U² / ( 2R ) [ ∫ dt - ∫ Cos( 2ωt ) dt ] =
= [ screw this . . . ------------------------------- . . . , ok] =
= predicting : [ Sin ' ( 2ωt ) / 2ω = const. 1 / 2ω · outer fn. derivate Cos(arg.-s) · inner fn. drvt. 2ω =
= Cos ( 2ωt ) . . . - so - . . . ] = U² / ( 2R ) [ t - Sin( 2ωt ) / 2ω ] = [ for the half cycle ] =
= 2 · U² / ( 2 ... = U² / R [ τ / 4 - Sin{ 2 Pi / τ · ( τ / 4 ) } / ( 2 Pi / τ ) ] =
= U² / R [ τ / 4 - 2 τ · Sin( Pi / 2 ) / ( 4 Pi ) ] = U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - Sin( Pi / 2 ) / ( Pi / 2 ) ] =
= U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - 1 / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = . . . there's long time since i last did such - - check multiple times before you use any of it !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! . . .
. . . U C :: E = h ν ( in µ-world ) , but here the E became C / f , as for f → ∞ E = 0 it doesn't quite match what i remember about . . . however for ⌂t and P it'd be C · τ / t , IF τ = t THEN P = C for all frequencies likely applies for non relativistic world thus the E.Sine formula might after all be and what it was found here . . . might !!!
&Shit , i gess i see the error (always post error-check myself) :: for each quadrant wave we have a bit different result ::
= U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - 1 / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = as infact =
= U² / R · τ / 4 Σ0,3 [ 1 - Sign( 1 - 2 (( tLOWER div τ ) mod 2 )) / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = U² / R · τ / 4 =
= not exactly sure what i'm doing (a progressive exacting) // what we should like get is
average U of sine that is ∫ASin(t)dt = -ACos(t)=A at t=(0,Pi/2) for 2Pi 4A relative value for average deviation is thus 2A/Pi . . . as U²/R·τ/4 = (2U)²/R/f , hmm for P the f goes F'd and it's OK, but for NRG ...
oscillation is ± disturbance/deviation from system balance center ??? E = P·t = P/f . . . or dE * = Pdt = ...
... = [ if f = 1/τ = 1/(t/n) → 1/f = t/n → 1/fconst = dt/n * ] = . . . ??? PMAX · f³(t) / (3f) , f → ∞ 1 / Pi² = 1/(±Arg(-1))² . . . 1/arg , i = exp(ln(i)) = exp(ln(1·e^(i · (2n ± 1)π))) = exp(i · (2n ± 1)π) , ln i = ±iπ , (±iπ)² = -π² , f(-x)=1/f(x) , . . . = this whole computation must be started by some other way (we are missing stuff here ... ) / halt // halt /// halt
& for trapezoid ::
E = 1 / R [ a0² ∫ t0 dt + U² ∫ 11 dt + a2² ∫ t2 dt ] =
= 1 / R [ a0² t0³ / 3 + U² t1 + a2² t2³ / 3 ] = [ U = UMAX = ai ti ]
= U² / R [ U / (3a0) + t1 + U / (3a2) ] =
= U² / R [ t0 / 3 + t1 + t2 / 3 ] = [t0 -- rise time ; t1 -- ON time ; t2 -- fall time ]
P = E / ⌂t = E / ( t0 + t1 + t2 )
fast schmitt trigger how to :: (uses v12.c from the SN7404's 'Spice alternate)
Dummy 14dB Pulse Amplifier in action
.
.
.
.
this is amazing the i-net search can't allocate nor sine nor trapezoidal wave energy formulas ???
as much as i comprehend it'd go like ::
A(work J) = E(nrg J) = P(power W)dt = 1/R∫U²(t)dt
so for sine ::
E = U² / R ∫ Sin²( ωt ) dt = [ 1 - Cos α = 2 Sin ² ( α / 2 ) → { 1 - Cos ( 2 α ) } / 2 = Sin ² α ] =
= U² / ( 2R ) ∫ { 1 - Cos( 2ωt ) } dt = U² / ( 2R ) [ ∫ dt - ∫ Cos( 2ωt ) dt ] =
= [ screw this . . . ------------------------------- . . . , ok] =
= predicting : [ Sin ' ( 2ωt ) / 2ω = const. 1 / 2ω · outer fn. derivate Cos(arg.-s) · inner fn. drvt. 2ω =
= Cos ( 2ωt ) . . . - so - . . . ] = U² / ( 2R ) [ t - Sin( 2ωt ) / 2ω ] = [ for the half cycle ] =
= 2 · U² / ( 2 ... = U² / R [ τ / 4 - Sin{ 2 Pi / τ · ( τ / 4 ) } / ( 2 Pi / τ ) ] =
= U² / R [ τ / 4 - 2 τ · Sin( Pi / 2 ) / ( 4 Pi ) ] = U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - Sin( Pi / 2 ) / ( Pi / 2 ) ] =
= U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - 1 / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = . . . there's long time since i last did such - - check multiple times before you use any of it !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! . . .
. . . U C :: E = h ν ( in µ-world ) , but here the E became C / f , as for f → ∞ E = 0 it doesn't quite match what i remember about . . . however for ⌂t and P it'd be C · τ / t , IF τ = t THEN P = C for all frequencies likely applies for non relativistic world thus the E.Sine formula might after all be and what it was found here . . . might !!!
&Shit , i gess i see the error (always post error-check myself) :: for each quadrant wave we have a bit different result ::
= U² / R · τ / 4 [ 1 - 1 / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = as infact =
= U² / R · τ / 4 Σ0,3 [ 1 - Sign( 1 - 2 (( tLOWER div τ ) mod 2 )) / ( Pi / 2 ) ] = U² / R · τ / 4 =
= not exactly sure what i'm doing (a progressive exacting) // what we should like get is
average U of sine that is ∫ASin(t)dt = -ACos(t)=A at t=(0,Pi/2) for 2Pi 4A relative value for average deviation is thus 2A/Pi . . . as U²/R·τ/4 = (2U)²/R/f , hmm for P the f goes F'd and it's OK, but for NRG ...
oscillation is ± disturbance/deviation from system balance center ??? E = P·t = P/f . . . or dE * = Pdt = ...
... = [ if f = 1/τ = 1/(t/n) → 1/f = t/n → 1/fconst = dt/n * ] = . . . ??? PMAX · f³(t) / (3f) , f → ∞ 1 / Pi² = 1/(±Arg(-1))² . . . 1/arg , i = exp(ln(i)) = exp(ln(1·e^(i · (2n ± 1)π))) = exp(i · (2n ± 1)π) , ln i = ±iπ , (±iπ)² = -π² , f(-x)=1/f(x) , . . . = this whole computation must be started by some other way (we are missing stuff here ... ) / halt // halt /// halt
& for trapezoid ::
E = 1 / R [ a0² ∫ t0 dt + U² ∫ 11 dt + a2² ∫ t2 dt ] =
= 1 / R [ a0² t0³ / 3 + U² t1 + a2² t2³ / 3 ] = [ U = UMAX = ai ti ]
= U² / R [ U / (3a0) + t1 + U / (3a2) ] =
= U² / R [ t0 / 3 + t1 + t2 / 3 ] = [t0 -- rise time ; t1 -- ON time ; t2 -- fall time ]
P = E / ⌂t = E / ( t0 + t1 + t2 )










