Re: Op Amp "Internal ground"

perv. v.

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[Eop]

Low Voltage Constant Current @ ~1V

the two power opting v. are present (Left , 1-st & 2-nd) on all 3, sets for comparison

(A) -- tested using Ge bjt-s but they appear to require relatively high BE voltage to output any significant current -- PS! -- it just might be due to poor spice models -- if not -- the Si ones perform better coz higher ß value !?

(B) -- multi-device experiment ??? -- PS! -- the depletion mode mosfets and their active resistance likely cause a complex regulation curve

(C) -- basic simple . . .

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[Eop]

automatic duty ratio control experiment

a definition correction :: the 555 acts as the 555 e.g. an inverting comparator with the high accuracy hysteresis relative to supply rails (however it's internal hw setup is similar to a window comparator namely an "outside the window comparator" - only it's comparators´outputs are not bound together by simple combinatorical (read: boolean algebraic) operation - which for outside the window comparator would be logical sum) - but instead they drive an RS-trigger which inverts the upper comparator output and remembers that output until the lower comparator triggers - then remembers it's output until the upper triggers - which in a sense of a window comparator would be - depending on input slope - an unidirectionally active operation of the pair of inverting and non-inverting comparators . . . the least however reduces to the case of a single comparator with relatively large hysteresis and inverting output

Low Voltage Op-Amps -- in-simulation TEST

(1) -- verifying "std. responce" + "model ok for simulation"

(2) -- relative "performance"

(3) -- Exactness/Speed // Design/Setup

(4) -- capability for specific operation in low-/limited- supply voltage application

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[Eop]

Linear Supply with LM113 - experiment

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